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Long maligned as an unsuccessful tank series, the Soviet T-64 was in fact much more successful than understood in the West until relatively recently and was a tank concept considerably ahead of its time. The T-64 was developed as a “technology leap” tank, while the more numerous (and therefore wrongly assumed more successful) T-72 was a minor design modification in comparison with the earlier T-55 and T-62. The thinking was that of a parallel design effort, such that if the T-64 failed as a design then T-72 production would prevent any major loss to the overall Soviet tank park.
The Morozov Design Bureau developed the T-64, production of which was undertaken in Kharkov. The T-64 was not exported and used abroad only with the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, adding to its misunderstood status. It was not until the end of the Cold War that the true story of the T-64 became known.
The T-64 was manufactured in several production models.
Obiekt 430
Work began on the Obiekt 430 at the D.B. Malyshev design bureau as early as 1953 as the first prototype for a new "technology leap" tank, far more comnplex than the mainstay T-54 and later to become the T-64 MBT series. Armed with a 100mm D-54TS gun, the Obiekt 430 was powered by a new generation 5TD diesel engine developing 580hp which gave the tank a road speed of 55km/hour and range of 450km. The Obiekt 430 was subsequently refined via several prototyes into the T-64 tank series. Development of the original Obiekt 430 began in 1953 and the three prototypes were completed in 1957, undergoing field trials in 1958. The Obiekt 430 had too many new and unproven features to enter series production and considerable further development was undertaken into the T-64 series.
1) Kubinka NIIBT Research Collection - Soviet Vehicles, Kubinka, Russia
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492
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Collection number 221 painted on left turret side.
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2) Kubinka NIIBT Research Collection - Reserve Collection, Kubinka, Russia
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Unique ID: |
605
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Obiekt 432
The Obiekt 432 was developed from the Obiekt 430 in 1963 and became the primary test prototype for the T-64 series. The tank was armed with a new 115mm D-68 smoothbore gun fitted with an autoloader, reducing the crew complement to three. The tank was also provided with an uprated 5TDF engine developing 700hp. The hull of the Obiekt 432 was reduced 76mm in height and consequently in addition to its lower profile the Obiekt 432 was considerably lighter than the Obiekt 430. The Obiekt 432 design was completed in 1960 and after extensive testing the tank entered limited series production in 1963, the first pre-series production model of the T-64 series. As series production was being undertaken, the Obiekt 432 was fitted with laminate armour, increasing the overall weight again to 34,000kg. The Obiekt 432 was subsequently developed into the Obiekt 434 which eventually entered service as the T-64A.
3) Kubinka NIIBT Research Collection - Soviet Vehicles, Kubinka, Russia
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493
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Collection number 222 painted on left turret side.
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Obiekt 434
Originally conceived in 1963, as the Obiekt 432 was entering limited pre-series poduction, the Obiekt 434 was the pre-production prototype for the series production T-64A. The Obiekt 434 was developed and tested by the Kharkov tank plant over the period 1963-67, entering series production in 1969 as the T-64A. The Obiekt 434 was armed with a 125mm D-81 gun with autoloader. Most were later upgraded to T-64A standard.
4) Kubinka NIIBT Research Collection - Soviet Vehicles, Kubinka, Russia
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Unique ID: |
494
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Collection number 223 painted on left turret side.
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Obiekt 440
The Obiekt 440 was a specialised variant of the T-64 series, developed to investigate the use of tanks combined with high speed hydrofoil boats for fast attack amphibious landings. The tank was suspended between two hydrofoil boats and locked into position with four locking arms. The project did not develop beyond prototype stage.
5) Kubinka NIIBT Research Collection - Reserve Collection, Kubinka, Russia
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639
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Turret number “216”.
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Obiekt 003
The Obiekt 003, also known as the T-64T, was a test vehicle developed in 1968 and fitted with a gas turbine engine.
6) Kubinka NIIBT Research Collection - Reserve Collection, Kubinka, Russia
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660
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Turret number “110”.
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T-64A
Prototype was Obiekt 434. The T-64 A was the first modernisation of the T-64 series. Work began in 1969 with the T-64A entering service with the Soviet Army in 1973. Thermal gun barrel shield, multifuel diesel engine,deep fording equipment.The T-64A was armed with a 125mm 2A26 gun, modified autoloader, and could mount the KMT-6 mine clearance system. 60.5km/hr and range 500km.
7) Kubinka NIIBT Research Collection - Soviet Vehicles, Kubinka, Russia
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Unique ID: |
495
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Collection number 224 painted on left turret side.
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T-64B
The T-64B was developed as the Obiekt 447 prototype. It entered production in 1976 and remained in production until 1985. The T-64B was a modernised T-64A with a new control system, napalm shielding, side skirts, additional hull and turret armor. Tucha smoke mortars and spring - out side armor, KMT-6 mine plough mountings. Kobra ATGM system.
T-64BV
The T-64BV variant of the T-64B was developed over the period 1981-83 and was introduced into service with the Soviet Army in 1984. The T-64BV remained in production until 1987. It was the first version of the T-64 to be fitted with ERA (179 blocks as a standard package) on the hull, turret and side skirts. Other modifications included the mounting of a modified 125mm 2A46M-1 gun (latterly the 2A46M-2 was fitted) while the tank's 5DTF engine now developed 515kW (700hp) giving the T-64BV a maximum speed of 61km/hour and a road range of 600km. Other tanks in the T-64 series were also subsequently upgraded with ERA.
8) Poklonnaya Gora Victory Park, Moscow, Russia
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2391
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